Nuclear weapons are classified as weapons of mass destruction. They use the energy released when the nucleus' particles (neutrons and protons) are split or united to harness the forces that hold an atom's nucleus together.
Nuclear weapon is a device that uses nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or a combination of the two processes to release energy in an explosive manner. Atomic bombs are the conventional name for fission weapons.
Fusion weapons are also known as thermonuclear bombs or, more popularly, hydrogen bombs; they are nuclear weapons that release at least some of their energy through nuclear fusion.
The explosion's convection currents carried dust and other debris into the air, forming the mushroom-shaped cloud that has since become a virtual trademark of a nuclear explosion.
Furthermore, radioactive debris was carried high into the sky by winds, eventually settling as nuclear fallout on Earth. The massive toll of destruction, death, injury, and sickness caused by the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki three days later was unprecedented in the history of warfare.
Even as several countries have developed nuclear weapons far more powerful than those used against Japanese cities in the decades before 1945, fears about the devastating implications of such weapons have prompted governments to establish arms control treaties.
Nuclear weapons have a tremendous amount of explosive energy. The invention of the terms kiloton (1k tons) and megaton (1million tons) to characterize their explosion energy in equivalent weights of the traditional chemical explosive TNT exemplifies their significance.
For example, the atomic bomb detonated on Hiroshima, Japan, in 1945, unleashed energy equivalent to around 15 kilotons of chemical explosive containing only about 64 kg of highly enriched uranium. A powerful shock wave, massive amounts of heat, and fatal ionizing radiation were all produced as a result of the explosion.
In 1988, the Soviet nuclear arsenal topped out at over 33,000 active warheads, with an extra 10,000 previously deployed weapons that had not been dismantled.
Russia increased its warhead dismantlement program after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, but the fate of many of the 12,000 warheads estimated to remain in its arsenal in 2010 was unknown.
Only around 4,600 of the 12,000 warheads were operable and maintained enough to be deployed due to restricted Russian resources and a lack of credible military missions.
2,600 operational warheads were placed on strategic systems and 2,000 on nonstrategic systems out of a total of 4,600 operational warheads. The security of Russia's intact warheads and nuclear materials transferred outside the country is a global security concern.
The arsenals of the United Kingdom, France, and China saw substantial restructuring and consolidation beginning in the 1990s. Britain dismantled its land-based army, tactical naval, and air nuclear operations, reducing its stockpile from 350 bombs in the 1970s to just 225 in 2010.
Only about 160 of them were operational, and they were all part of the country's ballistic missile submarine fleet.
Meanwhile, France downsized its nuclear arsenal from 540 operable warheads at the conclusion of the Cold War to around 300 in 2010, removing a variety of nuclear weapons systems.
During the 1990s, the Chinese stockpile remained relatively stable until beginning to rise at the turn of the century. By 2010, China possessed 240 warheads in its arsenal, 180 of which were operational and the rest were in reserve or retirement.
Israel had an undisclosed nuclear arsenal of 60 to 80 warheads, but any improvements were closely guarded. India is thought to have 60 to 80 constructed warheads, while Pakistan is said to have 70 to 90.
Although both India and Pakistan—rivals in an escalating weapons race on the Indian subcontinent—were assumed to be boosting their stockpiles, most of their warheads were thought to be inactive.
North Korea, which joined the nuclear club in 2006, may have generated enough plutonium for up to 12 weapons by 2010, though it was unclear whether any of them were operational at the time.
In this time of war there will be no winner, every country should avoid war especially nuclear war. life is so short , lets think the importance of every human life.
lets give peace a chance!.
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